Candidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection, is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, most often Candida albicans. While Candida naturally inhabits various parts of the body, such as the mouth, throat, gut, and genital area, it can multiply excessively under certain conditions, leading to infection.
This opportunistic fungus can cause a range of symptoms depending on the site of infection. In oral candidiasis, also known as thrush, symptoms include white patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, or throat, along with redness, soreness, and difficulty swallowing.
Genital candidiasis, or vaginal yeast infection, presents with itching, burning, redness, swelling, and abnormal vaginal discharge. Invasive candidiasis, a more severe form of the infection, can affect the bloodstream, leading to fever, chills, and potentially life-threatening complications.
Several factors can predispose individuals to candidiasis, including weakened immune systems, certain medications (such as antibiotics or corticosteroids), hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or oral contraceptive use), diabetes, and poor hygiene.
It’s worth noting that while candidiasis is more commonly associated with women, men can also develop genital candidiasis, known as penile yeast infection or balanitis, which presents with symptoms like those experienced by women.
Also, while candidiasis is not considered a sexually transmitted disease, one infected partner can affect the other through sexual intercourse. In addition, in men, those who are uncircumcised, have weak immune systems or practice poor hygiene, are the ones most likely to be infected with balanitis.
Treatment for candidiasis depends on the severity and location of the infection. Antifungal medications, such as fluconazole, clotrimazole, or nystatin, are commonly prescribed to eliminate the fungus. For mild cases of thrush or vaginal yeast infection, over-the-counter antifungal creams or suppositories may suffice.
In addition to medication, maintaining good hygiene practices, avoiding tight-fitting clothing, and practicing safe sex can help prevent recurrence of candidiasis.
While candidiasis is usually not life-threatening, recurrent, or untreated infections can lead to complications and decreased quality of life.
Therefore, it’s essential to seek medical attention if experiencing persistent symptoms suggestive of candidiasis. With proper diagnosis and treatment, candidiasis can typically be managed effectively, allowing individuals to resume their daily activities comfortably.
