Despite being one of the few cancers that medical professionals deem largely preventable, cervical cancer continues to affect women each year, often diagnosed at advanced stages after a lack of routine screening. According to experts from the Loma Linda University Cancer Center, the path to eradication lies in two proven tools: the HPV vaccine and consistent screening.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes most cervical cancers. “HPV is incredibly common,” explains Dr. Yevgeniya Ioffe, a gynecologic oncologist. “In most cases, the immune system clears the virus… But when it doesn’t, that’s when cervical precancer and cancer can develop.” The HPV vaccine is most effective when administered before exposure, typically in late childhood or adolescence. However, doctors stress a critical point: “HPV vaccination does not replace screening,” says Dr. Ioffe. “The two work together.”
Screening has evolved, with HPV-based testing now recommended for women over 30, moving away from annual Pap smears. This screening is vital because early cervical cancer often has no symptoms. Warning signs like abnormal bleeding or pelvic pain may appear only later. “You can’t rely on symptoms alone,” Dr. Ioffe states. “Screening is what allows us to catch disease early.” When screening detects precancerous changes, it can often be treated with a minor outpatient procedure, which is far less invasive than treating full-blown cancer.
For women diagnosed with cervical cancer, treatment depends on the stage. Early-stage cancer may be treated with surgery, while advanced cases often require radiation and chemotherapy. Advances in these therapies have improved outcomes. At centers like Loma Linda, care is provided by multidisciplinary teams that also address social barriers to treatment, such as transportation or mental health needs, ensuring patients receive complete support.
The ultimate message from healthcare providers is clear and actionable. Prevention is effective, but it requires both vaccination and adherence to screening schedules. Women are encouraged to advocate for their health through regular well-woman visits and to stay connected to care a combination that can truly save lives.
