The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has elevated its travel guidance for Liberia to Level 2: Practice Enhanced Precautions, responding to a substantial and ongoing outbreak of clade II mpox (formerly monkeypox). The notice coincides with a separate health alert issued by the U.S. Embassy in Monrovia.
According to data from the Africa CDC, Liberia reported 1,451 confirmed cases and six related deaths in 2025, representing one of the most significant recent outbreaks on the continent. Transmission has continued into the new year, with four confirmed cases already reported as of January 17, 2026.
A notable feature of this outbreak is its demographic spread, affecting males and females approximately equally. This differs from the global clade II outbreak that began in 2022, which primarily spread within networks of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Liberian health authorities and the CDC confirm that person-to-person transmission is occurring, including through sexual or other intimate contact.
“While the continental emergency designation has been lifted, localized outbreaks like this one require focused attention and preventive measures from travelers,” a CDC spokesperson stated, referencing the Africa CDC’s recent decision to formally lift Mpox as a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security.
The CDC strongly advises vaccination for travelers to Liberia who anticipate higher-risk activities, including:
- Sex with a new partner.
- Attendance or participation in events at commercial sex venues.
- Sex or intimate contact in exchange for money or goods.
- Participation in large public events like festivals or parties.
The recommended vaccine is JYNNEOS, administered in two doses at least 28 days apart. Maximum protection is achieved about two weeks after the second dose, requiring advance planning.
General precautions apply to all travelers, regardless of vaccination status. These include avoiding close, skin-to-skin contact with people who have a rash, and not handling materials used by a sick person. Individuals with certain risk factors for severe disease—including pregnant individuals, young children, those with eczema, and the immunocompromised—should exercise particular caution.
Travelers are advised to monitor for symptoms, which can include fever, headache, muscle aches, and a distinctive rash, for three weeks after returning from Liberia.
Source: Outbreak News
