By Nurse Sylvia Kumahor
Immunisation remains one of the most powerful and cost-effective ways to protect children and communities from life-threatening diseases. Yet misinformation, fear, and missed appointments continue to leave many children vulnerable. In this edition, a public health nurse sheds light on why vaccines matter, addresses common concerns, and explains how timely immunisation can safeguard the health and future of every child.
Q: What is immunisation, and why is it considered one of the most important public health interventions for children and communities?
Immunisation is the process of protecting the body against infectious diseases by giving vaccines that help the immune system recognize and fight harmful germs. It is one of the most effective public health measures because it prevents serious illnesses, reduces child mortality, and protects communities from disease outbreaks.
Q: Which vaccines are included in the routine immunisation schedule for children, and what diseases do they protect against?
Routine childhood vaccines protect against diseases such as Tuberculosis, Polio, Measles, Hepatitis B, Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus. These vaccines are given at specific ages to ensure children develop strong protection early in life.
Q: Many parents worry about vaccine safety. How safe are vaccines, and what reassurance can you give to families who are hesitant?
Vaccines are very safe. They go through strict testing and approval processes before being used. As healthcare professionals, we reassure families that vaccines have saved millions of lives worldwide and are carefully monitored to ensure their safety.
Q: What are some of the common side effects after immunisation, and when should parents be concerned enough to seek medical attention?
Common side effects include mild fever, slight swelling, or pain at the injection site. These usually disappear within a day or two. Parents should seek medical attention if a child develops a very high fever, persistent crying, severe swelling, or difficulty breathing.
Q: In some communities, children miss their vaccines. What are the risks of delayed or incomplete immunisation?
Delayed or incomplete immunisation leaves children unprotected and increases their risk of contracting serious diseases. It can also lead to outbreaks of preventable illnesses within the community.
Q: How does immunisation help protect not only individuals but also entire communities?
When many people in a community are vaccinated, it reduces the spread of diseases. This protection is called Herd Immunity, which helps protect vulnerable individuals such as newborns and people with weak immune systems.
Q: What myths or misconceptions about vaccines do you frequently encounter in your work, and what is the truth behind them?
A common myth is that vaccines cause serious diseases or infertility. The truth is that vaccines are designed to prevent diseases and have been proven safe and effective through years of research and monitoring.
Q: What practical advice would you give parents to ensure their children stay up to date with their vaccination schedule?
Parents should keep their child’s vaccination card, attend scheduled clinic visits, and consult healthcare providers if they miss an appointment. Following the recommended schedule ensures children are protected at the right time.
