Dr. Magdalene Ashong.
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions in the world, yet it remains widely misunderstood. Affecting millions of people across all age groups, the condition is marked by recurrent seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. While some seizures are brief and barely noticeable, others can be dramatic and frightening to witness.
In this edition of Health Pulse Magazine, we speak with a Medical Officer who sheds light on the untold truth about epilepsy from its causes and warning signs to treatment options and the realities of living with the condition. The conversation aims to replace myths with medical facts and encourage greater understanding and support for people living with epilepsy.
What exactly is epilepsy, and how is it different from having a single seizure?
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the brain’s electrical activity. Normally, the brain sends signals in an organized way, but in epilepsy these signals become abnormal and may trigger seizures.
A seizure is a sudden burst of abnormal electrical activity that can cause symptoms such as jerking movements, loss of consciousness, unusual sensations, or confusion. However, having a single seizure does not necessarily mean someone has epilepsy. The condition is usually diagnosed when a person experiences two or more unprovoked seizures occurring at different times. In young children, seizures may sometimes occur due to fever or temporary body imbalances and may not indicate epilepsy.
What are the common causes of epilepsy? Can someone develop it later in life?
Yes. Epilepsy can develop at any age. Causes may include genetic factors, electrolyte imbalances in the brain, brain injuries from road accidents, brain tumors, or blood clots affecting normal brain activity. Severe jaundice in newborns may also lead to seizures later in life. In some cases, the exact cause cannot be identified, but the condition can still be managed effectively.
Is epilepsy contagious or caused by supernatural forces?
No. Epilepsy is not contagious and cannot be spread from one person to another. It is also not caused by spiritual or supernatural forces. It is a medical condition affecting the brain. While it may run in families due to genetic factors, people cannot “catch” epilepsy through contact.
Are all seizures dramatic convulsions?
Not always. Some seizures are subtle and may be difficult to recognize. Signs can include sudden loss of awareness, staring spells, lip smacking, abnormal behavior, unusual eye movements, or sudden falls. Because these symptoms can be mild, they are sometimes mistaken for daydreaming or fatigue.
What should someone do if they witness a seizure?
The most important step is to remain calm and ensure the person’s safety. Clear nearby objects to prevent injury and loosen tight clothing around the neck. If possible, gently turn the person onto their side. Do not place anything in the person’s mouth. Medical help should be sought if the seizure lasts longer than 15 minutes or if repeated seizures occur.
Is epilepsy curable?
Epilepsy is generally a manageable condition rather than a curable one. Many people live normal, active lives when seizures are properly controlled with medication and regular medical follow-up.
What message would you like to share with families and communities?
Epilepsy is a medical condition like many others and should not be a source of stigma or discrimination. Families and communities should learn basic seizure first aid, support those affected, and encourage them to seek proper medical care. With understanding and compassion, people living with epilepsy can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.
